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Francisco Tongio Liongson
Francisco Tongio Liongson (1869–1919) belonged to a generation of Philippine colonial subjects who struggled to evolve a national identity for their homeland in the fringes of the Spanish Empire. Late in the 18th century, the concept of being a Filipino was still nebulous and infantile. The name did not even originally apply to all the inhabitants of the Philippine archipelago, but to a small group of Spaniards born there. Motivated by the injustices prevalent in the Philippines, small colonies of native expatriate students in Europe involved themselves in the Propaganda Movement with the purpose of exposing these abuses and in the process began to assume a consciousness articulating reforms of a national interest that was consequently distinct from Spain. Liongson was one of these Filipino students in Madrid. He walked among peers who would one day become Philippine National Heroes.
==Early years==
Scion of the Philippine sugar gentry, Liongson was born in Pampanga's ancient capital, Villa de Bacolor to Emigdio Liongson and Eulalia Tongio.〔Villa de Bacolor Cultural, Literary and Civic Foundation, Inc. Program Notes. Presentation of Posthumous Plaques of Merit to the outstanding sons of Bacolor and Crissot's immortal zarzuela, "Alang Dios". Theater for the Performing Arts, Cultural Center of the Philippines. Manila: 31 May 1975.〕 It was an exciting time in colonial Philippines. The Suez Canal opened a month earlier on November 17, 1869 establishing a regular steamship service between the Philippines and Europe. The implementation of the Education Decree of 1863 saw the establishment of a primary school for boys and girls in each town of the country. The resulting boom in trade and influx of new ideas gave rise to an emerging educated and moneyed elite.
After completing his primary education in Bacolor, Liongson studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Manila and earned his diplomas in ''Bachiller en Artes'' (1887), ''Titulo de Profesor en Segundo Enseñasa'' (1888) and ''Titulo de Agrimensor y Perito Tasador de Tierras'' (1889).〔Guerrero, Fernando Ma., Villanueva, Rafael. ''Directorio Oficial del Senado y de la Camara de Representantes, Cuarta Legislatura, Filipina Primer Periodo de Sesiones''. Bureau of Printing. Manila: 1917, pp. 70-71. UST Alumni Association Inc. ''University of Santo Tomas Alumni Directory 1611-1971.'' University of Santo Tomas. Manila: 1972. pp. 24C-27c.〕 He arrived in Spain on August 24, 1889 on board the mail steamer ''Santo Domingo''〔La Vanguardia. ''Notas Locales''. August 24, 1889. p. 2. URL: http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1889/08/24/pagina-2/34652812/pdf.html, retrieved on 12 October 2011.〕 to study medicine at the ''Universidad Central de Madrid'' where he obtained his ''Licenciado en Medicina y Cirujia'' in June 1894〔Fores-Ganzon, Guadalupe. ''LA SOLIDARIDAD Quincenario Democratico Vol. VI 1894. Pasig City, Metro Manila. Fundacion Santiago: 1996, p. 295〕 and his ''Doctorado en Medicina y Cirujia'' on October 19, 1895.〔Liongson Tongio, Francisco. ''La célula ante el microbio: tésis del doctorado en medicina leída y sostenida el día 19 de Octubre de 1895''. Madrid. Universidad Central de Madrid: 1895.〕 To broaden his medical knowledge further, he trained in different hospitals in Paris while studying at the famous ''Institut Pasteur''.〔Guerrero ''et al''. (1917)〕
During his sojourn in Spain, Liongson was actively involved with the Filipino colony in Madrid interracting with fellow ''paisanos'' like his hero, Jose Rizal. The death of La Solidaridad's Jose Maria Panganiban affected him deeply. In a eulogy to the propagandist, he wrote, "From this tombstone, which safely guards your remains, will spring happy memories for a page in our history."〔Fores-Ganzon. ''Vol. II'' (1996b) p. 445.〕 He became a member of the Grande Oriente Español Masonic Lodge Solidaridad No. 53 of Madrid under Marcelo H. Del Pilar as the Venerable Master.〔Alvarez Lazaro, Pedro. ''Paginas Historia de Masonica''. Spain. Ediciones Ideas: 1996, p. 187〕〔Schumacher, John N. ''The making of a nation: essays on nineteenth-century Filipino nationalism''. Quezon City. Ateneo de Manila University Press: 1991, p. 170.〕 His love interest in the Spanish capital was centered on Maria Dolores Alonso y Castro, a native of Badajos whom he married in the chic Madrid parish of San Martin on August 28, 1895.〔Fernandez Garcia, Matias. ''Parroquias Madrileñas de San Martín y San Pedro el Real: Algunos Personajes de su Archivo''. Caparos Editores. p.252〕
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